Mechanism for operating doors and other hinged closures.



No. 837,591. PATBNTED DEO. 4, 1906. A. M. SPINK.

MECHANISM FOR OPERATING DOORS AND OTHER HINGED CLOSURES.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR.3o.19o6.

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f. 121m htm? @Zzw .dw/@ f ING. 837,591. PATENTBD DEO. 4, 1906.

A. M. SPINK. MBOHANISM POR OPERATING DOORS ANO OTHER HINGBO OLOSORES.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.. 30, 1906.

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Witnesses:

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ARTHUR M. SPINK, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 4, 1906.

Application led March 30, 1906. Serial No. 308.850.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR M. SPINK, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Mechanism for Operating Doors and other Hinged Closures, of which the following is a s eciiication.

My invention re ates to improvements in means for opening and closing doors, transoms, and the like, and pertains especially to such mechanisms as are operated by hydraulic or other luid pressure means.

My object is particularly to provide means for opening and closin a plurality of closures from one point an by means of a single operatin device or actuator and, converse to provi e means for openin and closing a single door from any one el a number of points and by any one of a number of operating machines or actuators. These means meet, first, the need or desire at times of controlling a number of doors or a number of ventilators in the sim lest and most economical manner possib e, and, secondly, the inconvenience in three and four story dwellings oi having ire uently to descend or ascend one or more hts of stairs inorderto open the Jfront door.

My further object is to provide a simple, cheap, practical, fluid-controlled engine which will not leak and which is easy to install and eas to operate.

' ing?, in whichmatic representation operating a plura lprises a` cylinder A, having igure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of my improved door opening and closing device -or engine. Fig. 2 is a detail in partial section of the closin -arm. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of t e invention applied to operate from a 1plurality of floors or evels on a plurality of c osures.. Fi 4 is a diagramof t e invention aror switchboard form for 'ty of hinged closures from one point by a sin le actuating-machine.

- As shown in F1g. 1, each machine comahead 2 at one end and a combined crank-case and head 3 at the other. 4 is a pipe entering head 2, and 5 is a pipe entering head 3, said pipes connecting with o ing'machine p aced at any suitable or conranged in batte two sides of the piston.

posite ends 'of a correspondvenient oint. There are always at least two mac es, one of which is the operatingmachine or actuator, as I call it, and the other the controlled machine. A piston 6 operates in cylinder A and connects by a itman 7 with a crank 8 on shaft 9, suitalbly journaled and acked in boxes in the crankcase 3. The c iambers on opposite sides of the piston are connected by an equalizingpipe 10, in which is avalve 11.

The operating-machine has a crank 12, as in Figs. 3, 4, hXed rigidly to its shaft 9. rihe controlled machine, or the one which connects with the door or transom, carries an arm 13, rigid on its shaft 9. A link 1-1 pivotally connects arm 13 with the closure, so as to close or open the latter when the piston in the controlled machine is moved to rock arm 13 corres ondingly. With heavy closures it is desira le to prevent their slamming, as they are liable to do when closed suddenly. Consequently I employ a fluid-pressure detent or retarding device, which ma be a plied where needed. As shown in Fig. 2, t e ink 14 is pivoted to one end of a cylinder 16, in which 1s a piston 17, having a piston-rod 18. The outer end oi the iston-rod is pivoted to the outer end of t 1e arm 13. The piston has two lports 19 20one large and one small-whic connect the spaces on the The larger port 19 is valved, as at 21, and on the opposite side of the piston is a spring 22, which operates against the iston to press the latter normall awa om the end of the cylinder whic is a jacent to arm 13. The cylinder 16, like cyllnder A, is to be lled with oil or other suitable liquid. The straightening movement of, the link with respect to arm 13 is limited by a suitable sto 23, and the parts are so arranged with re erenceto the door or other-closure to be operated that the link and arm will e age at stop 23 -and cooperate with one anot er as a single rigid member to open the door positively when arm 13 is rocked in one direction, as indicated by the arrow, Fi 2. When the arm is rocked in the other dlrection to close the door, (if the arm is moved ra idly or the door is heavy,) the tendency is or the arm and 'link to pivoton one another and for the fluid on the spring side of piston 17 to open valve 21 and rush through ports 19 20 for the piston to com: ress spring 22. The spring is stili enough, owever, so that while it will give to relieve shock on the apparaand IOO

tusv and prevent breakage it Will gradually effect the closing of the door, While the liquid flows back through the small port 19. I thus provide means for a rapid movement ofthe piston in one direction to relieve shock and a slow movement in the other direction.

In Fig. 3 is shown a practical application of the system for operating a door 15 and a transom 24 from tWo floors or landings. a, represents the controlled machine for Athe door; b, the controlled machine for the transom c, a first-floor operating-machine, and d a second-floor operating-machine. The several machines are shown in position to close the door. The transom is shown as open. The opposite ends of theitransomcontroller b are connected lo pipes 4 5 With machine c in such fashion t at the same operation of machine c which would open door 15 would act-to close the transom, and vice versa. In order to cut out the door-operating machine a temporarily from the system to permit the independent actuation of the transom, I employ a three-way cock 25, which is suitably positioned in the Huid connections between the operating-machine and the controlled machines to produce the desired results. Having opened the transom, it is held open by turnin the cock again to cut olfv circulation throug the machine b, at the same time o ening up circulation again through the madliine a. In order that machine d may not be Worked when machine c is operated, and vice versa, the pipes 4a 5a are crossed and the pistons in the respective machines c d are so positioned that With the door closed the latter may be opened by machine d, and the pressure created in d Will be transmitted through 5* to one end of c; but the piston in c is already at the limit of its stroke at the opposite end of c, and hence does not move. From c the ressure passes through pipe 5 toa to move t e pistqn in the latter. v r

In Fig. 4 I have .shown a single operatingmachine or actuator e controlling a battery of machines, as f g h i., each of Which latter controls a separate transom. In this case 26l represents a box or switchboard having two pipes 4 `5 connected with o posite ends of the machine. e. The latter crank 12and the ends of the machine `are connected around itspiston b an equalizingpipe 10, having a normally c osed spring-actuated valve 11. Pipes 4 5 are connected'by res ective pipes` 5 4 with opposite ends of eac machine f g h fi. Pipes 5 are provided With cocks 27, so that'any one or more of the machines f g It i may be cut out and its piston held stationary.

In operation, suppose all the transoms are' closed and it is desired to open `the one which is controlled by machine f, the cocks 27for machines g h lare all closed and the crank 12 operated to cause a proper circulation of fluid said 'c as an operatingthrough machines e f. Since the machines are all of limited fluid capacity, it would be impossible ordinarily to make one machine operate all the transom-machines at once, and hence it is that-the valves 27 and 11 are provided. I-Iaving opened the irst transom, the second or any other may be opened by shutting off circulation through machine f by its cock 27, openin cock 11 to allow the piston in e to move bac through the fluid in e, closing cock 11, which is automatically done b the spring 28, and then opening another coc 27 and actuating lever12 in the proper manner, the action being repeated for each transom.` To close the transoms, the same operations practically are repeated.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim,'and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a door-closer, the combination with a hin ed`closure, of an engine comprising a cylin er having a crank-case at one end ,said cylinder and crank-case closed to form a fluid-chamber, a piston in the cylinder, a crank in the crank-case, a shaft connected with the crank and extending outside thev case, an arm on the shaft outside the case, operative connections between the arm and closure to open and close the latter on the reciproeation of the piston, a valved e ual'izin r pipe connecting the op osite ends o the cy mder, the valve in sal pipe being normally closed, and a second and similar iluidiengine for o erating the first one, and having suitable uid connections between its ends and the corresponding ends of the first engme.

'2. In a door closerand opener, a hinged closure, a :Huid-pressure cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a crank-shaft operatively connected for oscillation Withsaid piston, Huidactuated means to operate the piston, an arm rigid 011 said shaft, a link pivoted to said arm and to said closure and a retarding de- 'vice in the connectionsv between the link and arm.

3. In a door closer and opener, a hinged closure a fluid-pressure cylinder, a piston in der, a crank-shaft operatively connecte for .oscillation with said piston, Huidactuated means yto operate the piston, an arm rigid on said shaft, a link pivoted to -said arm and to said closure, a retarding device in the 4connections between the link and arm, and.

means permitting 'an accelerated movement of the arm in one direction.

4. In a door closer and opener, a'hinged closure, a Huid-pressure cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, ya crank-shaft .operatively connectedgfo'r oscillation with said piston, :fluid-y actuated meansto operate the piston, an arm rigid on said shaft, a link pivoted to said arm and/tol said closure, a retarding device in the connections between the link and arm, said retarding device including a cylinder pivoted to the link, a ported piston in the cylinder,`

and a spring-actuated piston-rodv connected with the arm.

5. The combination with a door of an operating-machine for the door, a plurality of actuators in series for operating the operating-machine and means to permit each actu- 'tor to operate independently to open the oor.

6. The combination of a plurality of movable closures, a plurality of 'fluid-pressurecontrolled mechanismsjor operating said closures, a plurality of luid-pressure-operated actuators having suitable fluid connections With said closure-operating mechanisms, and means by which any particular closure maybe operated by any particular actuator.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.-

ARTHUR M. SPINK. Witnesses:

JAMES A. SPINK, JAS; E. SPINK. 

